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{ "text": { "result_1": "[1] Yosemite Valley from Tunnel View Yosemite National Park Location in California Show map of California Yosemite National Park Location in the United States Show map of the United States Location Tuolumne , Mariposa , Mono and Madera Counties , California , United States Nearest city Mariposa, California Coordinates 37°44′33″N 119°32′15″W  /  37.74250°N 119.53750°W  / 37.74250; -119.53750\n[2] Area 759,620 acres (3,074.1 km 2 )\n[3] Established October 1, 1890 ; 133 years ago ( 1890-10-01 ) Visitors 3,667,550 (in 2022)\n[4] Governing body National Park Service Website www .nps\n.gov /yose\n/index .htm \nUNESCO World Heritage Site Criteria Natural: vii, viii Reference 308 Inscription 1984 (8th Session ) \nYosemite National Park ( / j oʊ ˈ s ɛ m ɪ t\ni / yoh-\nSEM -ih-tee [5] ) is a national park in California .\n[6] [7] It is bordered on the southeast by Sierra National Forest and on the northwest by Stanislaus National Forest .\nThe park is managed by the National Park Service and covers 759,620 acres (1,187 sq mi; 3,074 km 2 )\n[3] in four counties – centered in Tuolumne and Mariposa , extending north and east to Mono and south to Madera .\nDesignated a World Heritage Site in 1984, Yosemite is internationally recognized for its granite cliffs, waterfalls, clear streams, giant sequoia groves, lakes, mountains, meadows, glaciers, and biological diversity .\n[8] Almost 95 percent of the park is designated wilderness .\n[9] Yosemite is one of the largest and least fragmented habitat blocks in the Sierra Nevada .\nIts geology is characterized by granite and remnants of older rock.\nAbout 10 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada was uplifted and tilted to form its unique slopes, which increased the steepness of stream and river beds, forming deep, narrow canyons.\nAbout one million years ago glaciers formed at higher elevations.\nThey moved downslope, cutting and sculpting the U-shaped Yosemite Valley .\n[8] European American settlers first entered the valley in 1851.\nOther travelers entered earlier, but James D. Savage is credited with discovering the area that became Yosemite National Park.\n[10] Native Americans had inhabited the region for nearly 4,000 years, although humans may have first visited as long as 8,000 to 10,000 years ago.\n[11] [12] Yosemite was critical to the development of the concept of national parks.\nGalen Clark and others lobbied to protect Yosemite Valley from development, ultimately leading to President Abraham Lincoln 's signing of the Yosemite Grant of 1864 that declared Yosemite as federally preserved land.\n[13] In 1890, John Muir led a successful movement to motivate Congress to establish Yosemite Valley and its surrounding areas as a National Park.\nThis helped pave the way for the National Park System .\n[13] Yosemite draws about four million visitors annually.\n[14] Most visitors spend the majority of their time in the valley's seven square miles (18 km 2 ).\n[8] The park set a visitation record in 2016, surpassing five million visitors for the first time.\n[15] Toponym [ edit ] \nThe word Yosemite (derived from yohhe'meti, \"they are killers\" in Miwok ) historically referred to the name that the Miwok gave to the Ahwahneechee People, the resident indigenous tribe.\n[16]\n[17] [18] Previously, the region had been called \"Ahwahnee\" (\"big mouth\") by its only indigenous inhabitants, the Ahwahneechee.\n[16] The term Yosemite in Miwok is easily confused with a similar term for \"grizzly bear\", and is still a common misconception.\n[16] [19] History [ edit ] Main article: History of the Yosemite area Ahwahneechee and the Mariposa Wars [ edit ] Paiute ceremony (1872)\nLafayette Bunnell gave Yosemite Valley its name. \nThe indigenous natives of Yosemite called themselves the Ahwahneechee , meaning \"dwellers\" in Ahwahnee.", "result_2": "Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Languages Language links are at the top of the page. \nSearch Search Create account Log in Personal tools Create account Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more Contributions Talk Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Toponym 2 History Toggle History subsection 2.1 Ahwahneechee and the Mariposa Wars 2.2 Indigenous peoples' continuing presence 2.3 Early tourists 2.4 Yosemite Grant 2.5 Increased protection efforts 2.6 National Park Service 3 Geography Toggle Geography subsection 3.1 Rocks and erosion 3.2 Popular features 3.3 Water and ice 3.4 Climate 4 Geology Toggle Geology subsection 4.1 Tectonic and volcanic activity 4.2 Uplift and erosion 4.3 Glacial sculpting 5 Ecology Toggle Ecology subsection 5.1 Habitats 5.2 Management issues 5.3 Wildfires 6 Activities Toggle Activities subsection 6.1 Public access \n6.2 Hiking 6.3 Driving 6.4 Climbing 6.5 Winter activities 6.6 Other 6.7 Horsetail Fall 7 In popular culture 8 See also 9 Citations 10 General references 11 External links Toggle the table of contents Yosemite National Park 73 languages Afrikaans العربية\nAsturianu Azərbaycanca Basa Bali বাংলা Bân-lâm-gú Башҡортса Беларуская भोजपुरी Български Català\nCebuano Čeština\nDansk Deitsch Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Gàidhlig Galego 客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी\nHrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Occitan پنجابی\nPolski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Саха тыла Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Türkçe\nУкраїнська Tiếng Việt Winaray 吴语 粵語 中文 Edit links Article Talk English Read Edit View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read Edit View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages\nPermanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Download QR code Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version \nIn other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikivoyage Coordinates : 37°44′33″N 119°32′15″W  /  37.74250°N 119.53750°W  / 37.74250; -119.53750 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia National park in California, United States \"Yosemite\" redirects here.\nFor other uses, see Yosemite (disambiguation) . \nYosemite National Park IUCN category II ( national park )", "result_3": "Three wilderness areas are adjacent to Yosemite: the Ansel Adams Wilderness to the southeast, the Hoover Wilderness to the northeast, and the Emigrant Wilderness to the north.\nThe 1,189 sq mi (3,080 km 2 ) park contains thousands of lakes and ponds, 1,600 miles (2,600 km) of streams, 800 miles (1,300 km) of hiking trails, and 350 miles (560 km) of roads.\n[73] Two federally designated Wild and Scenic Rivers , the Merced and the Tuolumne , begin within Yosemite's borders and flow westward through the Sierra foothills into the Central Valley of California . \nRocks and erosion [ edit ] \nEl Capitan , a granite monolith on Yosemite Valley's northern escarpment Almost all of the landforms are cut from the granitic rock of the Sierra Nevada Batholith (a batholith is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock that formed deep below the surface).\n[74] About five percent of the park's landforms (mostly in its eastern margin near Mount Dana ) are metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks .\n[75] These roof pendants once formed the roof over the underlying granitic magma.\n[76] Erosion acting upon different types of uplift-generated joint and fracture systems is responsible for producing the valleys, canyons, domes , and other features.\nThese joints and fracture systems do not move, and are therefore not faults .\n[77] Spacing between joints is controlled by the amount of silica in the granite and granodiorite rocks; more silica tends to form a more resistant rock, resulting in larger spaces between joints and fractures.\n[78] Pillars and columns, such as Washington Column and Lost Arrow , are generated by cross joints.\nErosion acting on master joints is responsible for shaping valleys and later canyons.\n[78] The single most erosive force over the last few million years has been large alpine glaciers , which turned the previously V-shaped river-cut valleys into U-shaped glacial-cut canyons (such as Yosemite Valley and Hetch Hetchy Valley).\nExfoliation (caused by the tendency of crystals in plutonic rocks to expand at the surface) acting on granitic rock with widely spaced joints is responsible for producing domes such as Half Dome and North Dome and inset arches like Royal Arches.\n[79] Popular features [ edit ] Cathedral Peak Yosemite Valley represents only one percent of the park area.\nThe Tunnel View gives a view of the valley.\nEl Capitan is a prominent granite cliff that looms over the valley, and is a rock climbing favorite because of its sheer size, diverse climbing routes, and year-round accessibility.\nGranite domes such as Sentinel Dome and Half Dome rise 3,000 and 4,800 feet (910 and 1,460 m), respectively, above the valley floor.\nThe park contains dozens of other granite domes .\n[80] The high country of Yosemite contains other important features such as Tuolumne Meadows , Dana Meadows , the Clark Range , the Cathedral Range , and the Kuna Crest .\nThe Sierra crest and the Pacific Crest Trail run through Yosemite.\nMount Dana and Mount Gibbs are peaks of red metamorphic rock.\nGranite peaks include Mount Conness , Cathedral Peak , and Matterhorn Peak .\nMount Lyell is the highest point in the park, standing at 13,120 feet (4,000 m).\nThe Lyell Glacier is the largest glacier in the and one of the few remaining in the Sierra.\n[81] \nThe park has three groves of ancient giant sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum ) trees; the Mariposa Grove (200 trees), the Tuolumne Grove (25 trees), and the Merced Grove (20 trees).\n[82] This species grows larger in volume than any other and is one of the tallest and longest-lived.\n[83] Water and ice [ edit ] \nThe Merced River flowing through Yosemite Valley , a U-shaped valley The Tuolumne and Merced River systems originate along the crest of the Sierra in the park and have carved river canyons 3,000 to 4,000 feet (910 to 1,220 m) deep.\nThe Tuolumne River drains the entire northern portion of the park, an area of approximately 680 square miles (1,800 km 2 ).\nThe Merced River begins in the park's southern peaks, primarily the Cathedral and Clark Ranges, and drains an area of approximately 511 square miles (1,320 km 2 )." } }